Saturday, December 29, 2018



There are many forms of dignity within the animal world. Some shared by humans and the other animals.

Lakota: Tȟašúŋke Witkó

This picture is purported to be the only one of Crazy Horse, I cannot verify that so you will have to do your own research to determine the authenticity.

“He was an uncommonly handsome man. While not the equal of Gall in magnificence and imposing stature, he was physically perfect, an Apollo in symmetry.” 

Furthermore he was a true type of Indian refinement and grace. He was modest and courteous as Chief Joseph; the difference is that he was a born warrior, while Joseph was not. However, he was a gentle warrior, a true brave, who stood for the highest ideal of the Sioux. Notwithstanding all that biased historians have said of him, it is only fair to judge a man by the estimate of his own people rather than that of his enemies.
http://indians.org/indigenous-peoples-literature/crazy-horse-oglala.html



This is what got me started on my interest in The First Nations People. Left on my bed when I was about 10 by my mother. She never asked about it or any other of the many books that came to my bed.

One of the things that attracted me so to The First Nations was (is) their perspective on nature. As I moved toward the sciences, especially the more I studied biology and ecology, the more I respected and appreciated their wisdom in relating to the earth and nature. So, here’s some cool nature stuff.


This is what it looked like down at the creek behind the house where I was a kid and spent hours enjoying the quiet and the critters around me.


Can’t get enough of these critters….so close to us!


A massive raptor called the harpy eagle—the national bird of Panama—has maintained a stronghold in wild terrain of the Darién rainforest.
https://www.facebook.com/biographic.magazine/photos/a.1168248919861716/2216491678370763/?type=3&theater



A picture taken by my good friend and fellow creek dweller, Brandy Johnson.

 They’er coming back! Yes, the condor numbers are increasing and new protections implemented. 


This is the jelly fish called down here, the agua mala. You don’t want to run into here in Baja. Not large, half dollar size, but oh what a sting.

The spirits of nature are of course always there too.

The wonderful thing about science is that it is always questioning, searching, discovering, explaining. Here’s just a short list of some of the stuff going on today.

Massive Triple Star System Creates this Bizarre Swirling Pinwheel of Dust. And it Could be the Site of a Gamma Ray Burst

When stars reach the end of their lifespan, many undergo gravitational collapse and explode into a supernova, In some cases, they collapse to become black holes and release a tremendous amount of energy in a short amount of time. These are what is known as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and they are one of the most powerful events in the known Universe.
Recently, an international team of astronomers was able to capture an image  of a newly-discovered triple star system surrounded by a “pinwheel” of dust. This system, nicknamed “Apep”, is located roughly 8,000 light years from Earth and destined to become a long-duration GRB. In addition, it is the first of its kind to be discovered in our galaxy.
https://www.universetoday.com/140619/massive-triple-star-system-creates-this-bizarre-swirling-pinwheel-of-dust-and-it-could-be-the-site-of-a-gamma-ray-burst/



  
USC scientists have demonstrated a theoretical method to enhance the performance of quantum computers, an important step to scale a technology with potential to solve some of society's biggest challenges.

A microbe's membrane helps it survive extreme environments

Source:
Stanford's School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences
Summary:
Within harsh environments like hot springs, volcanic craters and deep-sea hydrothermal vents -- uninhabitable by most
life forms -- microscopic organisms are thriving. How? It's all in how they wrap themselves. 



The Large Hadron Collider has been Shut Down, and Will Stay Down for Two Years While they Perform Major Upgrades.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is getting a big boost to its performance. Unfortunately, for fans of ground-breaking physics, the whole thing has to be shut down for two years while the work is done. But once it’s back up and running, its enhanced capabilities will make it even more powerful.
The essence of the Large Hadron Collider is to accelerate particles and then direct them to collide with each other in chambers. Cameras and detectors are trained on these collisions, and the results are monitored in minute detail. It’s all about discovering new particles and new reactions between particles, and watching how particles decay.



It’s the Solar System’s Most Distant Object. Astronomers Named It Farout.

Orbiting 11 billion miles from the sun, this tiny world offers additional clues in the search for the proposed Planet Nine.


Ah, the microbial world. Where I thought my destiny lay in research.

It has been discovered that there is a family of bacteria-infecting viruses (a subgroup of a kind called bacteriophages, or just “phages”) that eavesdrop on their hosts’ routine molecular communications with other bacteria. 


That means VP882’s kill trigger could be easily manipulated to target any bacteria, Bassler says—opening the possibility that the virus could be engineered into an ideal killing machine for dangerous pathogens.


And more color to our human story:

DNA of world's oldest natural mummy unlocks secrets of Ice Age tribes in the Americas

Date:
November 8, 2018
Source:
St John's College, University of Cambridge
Summary:
A wide ranging international study that genetically analyzed the DNA of a series of famous and controversial ancient remains across North and South America has discovered that the Spirit Cave remains -- the world's oldest natural mummy - was a Native American. 



They were also able to dismiss a longstanding theory that a group called Paleoamericans existed in North America before Native Americans.

BURGOS, SPAIN—Science News reports that stone tools unearthed in Algeria amid butchered animal bones suggest the evolution of human ancestors was not limited to East Africa. 


Mohamed Sahnouni of Spain’s National Research Center for Human Evolution and his colleagues say meat-chopping tools found in North Africa were made about 2.4 million years ago, or about 200,000 years more recently than the oldest known tools in East Africa. The scientists think the tools could have been crafted by descendants of East African toolmakers who migrated into North Africa, or they may have been created independently. The animal bones came from savanna-dwellers such as elephants, horses, rhinoceroses, antelopes, and crocodiles that may have been hunted or scavenged from carnovores’ fresh kill sites, Sahnouni said. No hominin remains were found with the tools, so the researchers are not sure who made them. To read about early remains of modern humans discovered in Morocco, go to “Homo sapiens, Earlier Still.”


UPDATED: An eight-year-old Swedish-American girl came across an exciting find swimming at her local lake, when she pulled an ancient sword from its depths.


"It's not every day that one steps on a sword in the lake!" Mikael Nordström from Jönköpings Läns Museum said when explaining the significance of the find.
But that's exactly what happened to Saga Vanecek, who found the relic at the Vidöstern lake in Tånnö, Småland earlier this summer.


JENA, GERMANY—Live Science reports that stone hand axes similar to those made by human ancestors some 1.5 million years ago in Africa have been recovered in Saudi Arabia and dated to as recently as 190,000 years ago.



It is unclear who made the tools at the site, which is known as Saffaqah. “However, hominins that have been found with Acheulean tools include Homo erectus, who was probably a direct ancestor of humans,” explained Eleanor Scerri of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. The study suggests the hominins who crafted the tools, and traveled throughout the region on its waterways, may have encountered modern humans, who are thought to have entered the Arabian Peninsula at about that time. “Although the site of Saffaqah was not a desert when these Acheulean hominins were there, it was probably still quite an arid environment,” Scerri added. For more on early stone tools, go to “The First Spears.”
https://www.archaeology.org/issues/81-1303/trenches/523-south-africa-earliest-spears

A new technique for sequencing ancient DNA has allowed a multinational research team to reconstruct the genome of a person who lived in Siberia’s Denisova Cave between 30,000 and 82,000 years ago—with the same level of accuracy as genomes from modern people. 

 This new DNA sequence gives researchers a clearer picture of how early hominins such as the Denisovans and Neanderthals were related to modern humans and to each other. 

NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA—According to a report in The Siberian Times, archaeologists have found a 50,000-year-old piece of worked woolly mammoth tusk in the southern gallery of Denisova Cave. Alexander Fedorchenko of the Novosibirsk Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography suggests the curved ivory object is a fragment of an ornament whose large size indicates it was worn by a Denisovan man. A cord would have been threaded through holes in either end of the piece and then tied around the wearer's head in order to keep his hair out of his eyes. There is evident wear and tear on the artifact, which was eventually discarded. Such ivory “tiaras,” as they are called, have been found in other parts of Siberia, but those decorated items were created between 20,000 and 28,000 years ago by modern humans. The Densiovan tiara suggests the tradition could be older than previously thought. For more, go to “Denisovan DNA.
https://www.archaeology.org/issues/60-1301/trenches/311-hominin-neanderthals-humans-siberia

One more animal picture. Too special to wait for next blog.

 




Wednesday, November 28, 2018


I would like to start with some laughs or at least chuckles so enjoy these delightful, innovative photos.

     

Really hardly beyond “reality”, no?

Part of that question of reality is the very real and incredible diversity of life on this planet. After all these years as a student of biology I continue to be astounded at what a variety of creatures, both plant and animal, that have evolved here (and 90% have already come and gone). If I was to include the microbial world I think you would be truly amazed. Here are some more critters that accompany us on our journey around our star.



For #WorldOctopusDay, a larval longarm octopus that will ultimately live up to its name by developing arms that stretch up to seven times the length of its body. Scientists have witnessed this incredible species avoid predation by mimicking the shape, color, and behavior of a flounder fish while moving across the sea floor. One of our "aliens of the deep"


A fried egg jellyfish that has some tenants living under its sunny-side-up dome: four juvenile Atlantic horse mackerel. 


Here, the fish find both protection from predators and a free meal, often feeding on tiny prey ensnared by the jellyfish. When photographer Jordi Benitez first pulled this shot up on his computer screen, he was shocked to realize he had captured both the jellyfish and not one, but four of its borders. “It was magical,” he says of the revelation.


One of the more colorful of the Praying Mantis species….sorry, don’t know the name.



Adaptations such as primate-like wrists and cat-like paws help make gray foxes well-suited for life in the canopy. In the Sonoran Desert, they use these adaptations to create eerie “skeleton trees" to mark their territory.

   
Just a cool picture of a leopard.

 

Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus). This falcon breeds on Arctic coasts and tundra, and the islands of northern North America, Europe, and Asia. Beautiful, no?

 

Stingrays’ defensive blades—the hardened cartilage at the base of their tails—are so intimidating that humans have long co-opted them and fashioned them into weapons of their own. Polynesian and indigenous Australian warriors brandished spears made of stingray spines. 

 
Even the great warrior of Greek mythology, Odysseus, survived mythic beasts and unimaginable hardships only to eventually be felled by a spear tipped with a venomous stingray barb. One of nature's many creatures with venomous weaponry.

And sometimes they can be very playful indeed.



Then there is the amazing “reality” of the plant world. 

 
I took my bio students on a field trip to the Eel River once and one student, a retired army drill instructor, wasn’t feeling well so I found a small puddle, maybe 18” in diameter, and told him to just lie there and watch the puddle. When we came back he proudly showed all of us the intricate interaction of life within the puddle. It was all really quite wonderful. He told me later that it was one of the most eye opening and healing experiences of his life.

And there is still so very much to discover:

There isn’t much primary forest left in eastern Africa. In Mozambique, there’s officially none, according to 2015 numbers from the Food and Agriculture Association (FAO) of the UN. But a tract of undisturbed forest has recently been discovered and surveyed in the country’s Zambezia province – hidden in plain site at the top of a mountain.

   
Julian Bayliss, a conservation scientist, initially spotted the forest on Google Earth. This isn’t the first time he’s done so; in 2005, he used the platform to identify an unexplored rainforest on Mozambique’s Mount Mabu. To confirm the presence of this newest forest, Bayliss traveled to the base of Mount Lico and flew a drone to the top of it. Then, in May, Bayliss and a team of more than two-dozen scientists and other experts set out on an expedition to see what kinds of animals and plants lived in this island in the sky.

Speaking of finding things, here are a few interesting additions to our knowledge of ourselves.

Traces of opiates preserved inside a 3,500-year-old jug have been found by scientists. The late Bronze Age base-ring juglet and its contents are intact and is held in the British Museum collection.


There had been a "long-standing" theory the jugs had been containers for opium and a new technique was used detect a plant compound related to it. It is the first chemical evidence of the opium poppy within such a jug, University of York scientist said.

Part of a ceramic figurine depicting the head of the Mother Goddess, the earliest deity of Europe’s first agriculturalists, has been discovered by archaeologists in an 8,000-year-old Early Neolithic prehistoric settlement near the town of Mayor Uzunovo, Vidin District, close to the Danube River, in Northwest Bulgaria.

  

Although now characterized by inhospitable deserts, the Arabian Peninsula was a green hot spot for migrating members of the human genus, Homo, at least 300,000 years ago, scientists say.

Stone tools found among fossils of antelopes, elephants and other animals at Saudi Arabia’s Ti’s al Ghadah site date to between 300,000 and 500,000 years ago, archaeologist Patrick Roberts and his colleagues say. At that time, the site was located in a grassy, vegetated region that enjoyed regular rains, the researchers report online October 29 in Nature Ecology & Evolution.


The new finds support the idea that the Arabian Peninsula had a climate friendly to either Homo sapiens or another Homo species that journeyed out of Africa a few hundred thousand years ago, say Roberts, of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena, Germany, and his team.
Homo sapiens originated in Africa roughly 300,000 years ago. Traditionally, scientists have estimated that human migrations out of Africa began about 60,000 years ago. But recent finds on the Arabian Peninsula, including a human finger fossil from at least 86,000 years ago, have indicated that these dispersals began much earlier (SN: 5/12/18, p. 12).

So you thought perhaps there would be no astronomy…well.

Gaia Sees Stars Out in Deep Space, Flying Between Galaxies

In December of 2013, the European Space Agency (ESA) launched the Gaia mission. Since that time, this space observatory has been busy observing over 1 billion astronomical objects in our galaxy and beyond – including stars, planets, comets, asteroids, quasars, etc. – all for the sake of creating the largest and most precise 3D space catalog ever made.

The ESA has also issued two data releases since then, both of which have led to some groundbreaking discoveries. The latest comes from the Leiden Observatory, where a team of astronomers used Gaia data to track what they thought were high-velocity stars being kicked out of the Milky Way, but which actually appeared to be moving into our galaxy.



https://www.universetoday.com/140170/gaia-sees-stars-out-in-deep-space-flying-between-galaxies/

It’s been quite a tumultuous time for space telescopes lately! Less than a month ago, the Hubble Space Telescope went into safe mode after experiencing a mechanical failure with one of its gyroscopes (which has since been remedied). Shortly thereafter, the Chandra X-ray telescope went into safe mode as well, and for similar reasons. After three days, it’s operations team managed to get it back in working order as well.

And now, after nine years of service, NASA has officially announced that the Kepler Space Telescope will be retiring. 


With no fuel remaining to conduct its science observations, NASA has decided to leave the telescope in its current safe orbit (well away from Earth). Far from being a sad occasion, Kepler’s retirement is an opportunity to reflect upon the immense accomplishments of this telescope and how it revolutionized the study of exoplanets.

In March of 2004, the European Space Agency’s Rosetta spacecraft blasted off from French Guiana aboard an Ariane 5 rocket. After ten years, by November of 2014, the spacecraft rendezvoused with its target – Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/C-G). Over the more than two years that followed, the spacecraft remained in orbit of this comet, gathering information on its surface, interior, and gas and dust environment.

And on September 30th, 2016, Rosetta came closer than ever to the surface of 67P/C-G and concluded its mission with a controlled impact onto the surface. 


Since that time, scientists have still been processing all the data the spacecraft collected during its mission. This included some awe-inspiring photographs of the comet’s surface that were obtained shortly after the spacecraft made its rendezvous with 67P/C-G. Can you believe this photo!!

Japanese Rovers are Now on the Surface of an Asteroid, Sending Back Amazing Pictures

 

In December of 2014, the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched the Hayabusa2 mission. As the second spacecraft to bear this name, Hayabusa2 was deployed by JAXA to conduct a sample-return mission with an asteroid. By studying samples of the near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu, scientists hope to shed new light on the history of the early Solar System.

The spacecraft arrived in orbit around Ryugu in July of 2018, where it will spend a total of a year and a half surveying the asteroid before returning to Earth. On September 23rd, the satellite deployed its onboard MINERVA-II rovers onto the surface of Ryugu. According to the latest updates from JAXA, both rovers are in good condition and have recently sent back photographs and a video of the asteroid’s surface.

https://www.universetoday.com/140126/japanese-rovers-are-now-on-the-surface-of-an-asteroid-sending-back-amazing-pictures/

NASA’s Parker Solar Probe is now the closest object to the Sun that we’ve ever sent into space. On Oct. 29, 2018, at about 1:04 p.m. EDT, NASA’s probe broke the old record for the close-to-Sun distance of 42.73 million km (26.55 million miles). That record was held by the German-American Helios 2 spacecraft in 1976. And the probe will keep getting closer to the Sun.


The Parker Solar Probe was launched on August 12th, 2018, on a projected 6+ year mission. The mission is designed to answer 60 year old questions regarding our Sun:
  • How do energy and heat move through the Corona?
  • How do the structure and dynamics of the magnetic fields accelerate the solar winds?
  • What mechanisms accelerate and transport energetic particles?

Lockheed Martin Unveils Their Proposal For a Lunar Lander

 

  In the coming decades, NASA has ambitious plans to send astronauts back to the Moon and conduct the first crewed mission to Mars. In order to accomplish these lofty goals, the agency is investing in cutting-edge technology and partnering with major aerospace companies to create the necessary spacecraft and mission components.
https://www.universetoday.com/140155/lockheed-martin-unveils-their-proposal-for-a-lunar-lander/

A couple of last things to contemplate.

What we see and what is actually there….and not even counting the other 11 dimensions.


In order to fully appreciate the essence of existence in this universe biology needs to be included in the formula.

Which pretty much leads to this:

So let us diligently keep looking for the TRUTH in all things.

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗡𝗔𝗞𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗧𝗛
According to a 19th century legend, the Truth and the Lie meet one day. The Lie says to the Truth: "It's a marvellous day today"! The Truth looks up to the skies and sighs, for the day was really beautiful. They spend a lot of time together, ultimately arriving beside a well. The Lie tells the Truth: "The water is very nice, let's take a bath together!" The Truth, once again suspicious, tests the water and discovers that it indeed is very nice. They undress and start bathing. Suddenly, the Lie comes out of the water, puts on the clothes of the Truth and runs away. The furious Truth comes out of the well and runs everywhere to find the Lie and to get her clothes back. The World, seeing the Truth naked, turns its gaze away, with contempt and rage.


The poor Truth returns to the well and disappears forever, hiding therein, its shame. Since then, the Lie travels around the world, dressed as the Truth, satisfying the needs of society, because, the World, in any case, harbours no wish at all to meet the naked Truth.
The world famous painting- "The Truth coming out of the well" Jean-Léon Gérôme, 1896.